Work capacities testing apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

A portable work capacities testing apparatus, and a method using that portable apparatus, are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a host computer  110 , a dynamic strength and lifting device  120  releaseably interconnected with the host computer, a hand grip strength device  130  releaseably interconnected with the host computer, a finger pinch strength device  140  releaseably interconnected with the host computer, a forearm/wrist strength device  150  releaseably interconnected with the host computer, a handling/proprioception device  190  releaseably interconnected with the host computer, a finger flexion device  180  releaseably interconnected with the host computer, a whole body coordination device  170  releaseably interconnected with the host computer, and a strength push/pull/lift device  160  releaseably interconnected with the host computer.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from a Provisional Application havingSer. No. 60/536,822, filed Jan. 15, 2004.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a work capacities testing apparatus, and amethod using that apparatus.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Work capacities testing systems currently available in the market placeprovide various forms of physical demand evaluations documenting safework performance. These systems adhere to accepted standards andguidelines of work performance defined by the U.S. Dept. of Labor,NIOSH, ANSI, The MTM Association for Standards and Research (“MTM”), andothers. In general these systems can measure physical performance suchas strength, work posture and worker/work interface. Prior art systemsare physically large, or are a collection of individual bulky testdevices, occupying approximately 160 square feet, of floor space, ormore. Some systems weigh as much as 1100 lbs. Prior work test deviceseach typically comprises dedicated components. Data is transferred fromthe device to the host for processing. Because each testing device issegregated from each of the other testing devices, the system is notportable. What is needed is a portable work capacities testingapparatus, and a method using that portable apparatus.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Applicants' invention includes a portable work capacities testingapparatus, and a method using that portable apparatus. Applicants'apparatus comprises a portable computer, a hub releaseablyinterconnected with the portable computer, a dynamic strength andlifting device releaseably interconnected with the hub, a hand gripstrength device releaseably interconnected with the hub, a finger pinchstrength device releaseably interconnected with the hub, a forearm/wriststrength device releaseably interconnected with the hub, ahandling/proprioception device releaseably interconnected with the hub,a finger flexion device releaseably interconnected with the hub, a wholebody coordination device releaseably interconnected with the hub, and astrength push/pull/lift device releaseably interconnected with the hub.

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FIGURES

The invention will be better understood from a reading of the followingdetailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings in whichlike reference designators are used to designate like elements, and inwhich:

FIG. 1A is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of Applicants'apparatus;

FIG. 1B is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of Applicants'apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing Applicants' integrated testing device;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of Applicants' Finger Flexion Station;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of Applicants' Handling/ProprioceptionStation;

FIG. 5 is a front view of a first embodiment of Applicants' Whole BodyCoordination Station;

FIG. 6A is a perspective view of a first embodiment of Applicants'Forearm/Wrist Strength Device;

FIG. 6B is a perspective view of a second embodiment of Applicants'Forearm/Wrist Strength Device;

FIG. 6C is a top diagram view of a second embodiment of Applicants'Forearm/Wrist Strength Device;

FIG. 6D is a cross-sectional view of Applicants' Forearm/Wrist StrengthDevice post assembly;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of Applicants' portable Door Hanger System;

FIG. 8 is a side view of Applicants' Portable Door Hanger System;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart summarizing the steps of Applicants'Proprioception Test Sequence;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart summarizing the steps of Applicants' 90 DegreeRotation Test Sequence;

FIG. 11 is a flow chart summarizing the steps of Applicants' Whole BodyCoordination Test Sequence;

FIG. 12 is a flow chart summarizing the steps of Applicants' IntegratedDevice Data Flow Diagram;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of Applicants' Finger Pinch StrengthDevice;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the electrical components ofApplicants' Finger Pinch, Hand Grip Strength Devices, Forearm/WristStrength Device, Dynamic Lifting and Carrying Device, and StrengthPush/Pull/Lift Device;

FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing circuitry to implement thecomponents of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of Applicants' Hand Grip Strength Device;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing the electrical components ofApplicants' Whole Body Coordination Device;

FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram showing circuitry to implement thecomponents of FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing the electrical components ofApplicants' Finger Flexion Device 180 and Handling/Proprioception Device190;

FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing circuitry to implement thecomponents of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a side view of Applicants' monopole support device;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the fasteners used to affix themonopole support device of FIG. 21 to a wall;

FIG. 23 is a front view of a second embodiment of Applicants' Whole BodyCoordination Station;

FIG. 24 is a side view of Applicants' Dynamic Strength Lifting andCarrying Device;

FIG. 25 is an overhead view of the apparatus of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of Applicants' Strength Push/Pull/LiftDevice; and

FIG. 27 is an overhead view of a Carrying Test implemented using theapparatus of FIG. 24.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

This invention is described in preferred embodiments in the followingdescription with reference to the Figures, in which like numbersrepresent the same or similar elements. Applicants' invention includes awork capacities testing apparatus and method which can perform thecurrently used testing protocols using a portable apparatus whichincludes a plurality of integrated testing devices. UsingApplicants'apparatus and method, work capacity testing can be performedat a place of employment, or at a remote location, while requiring lessthan 20 square feet of floor space and weighing approximately 240 poundsexcluding test weights. Up to 110 pounds of test weights can be shippeddepending on the test circumstances.

A communication network permits bidirectional communication between aportable computer and a plurality of test devices. In certainembodiments, the computer monitors tasks by polling four multiple staticstrength test devices, three performance test devices, and one dynamictest device. In certain embodiments, one or more test devicesinterconnect with the computer through a communication hub. In otherembodiments, one or more integrated test devices interconnect with thecomputer directly.

Referring now to FIG. 1A, shows embodiment 100 of Applicants' apparatus.In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1A, Applicants' work testingsystem 100 includes host computer 110; a dynamic test device 120; fourmultiple static strength test devices 130, 140, 150, and 160; threeperformance test devices 170, 180, and 190; a communication hub 105; andcommunication links 115, 125, 135, 145, 155, 165, 175, 185, and 195. Incertain embodiments, communication links 115, 125, 135, 145, 155, 165,175, 185, and 195, are each selected from the group which includes aUniversal Serial Bus (“USB”) interconnection, a Fire Wireinterconnection, an IEEE-1394 interconnection, or wireless connectionsuch as Bluetooth, WiFi, and Wireless USB, and the like.

In certain embodiments, host computer 110 comprises a portable computer.Such a portable computer is often referred to as a “lap top” or a“handheld” computer. In these embodiments, host computer 110 isphysically collocated with the other elements of Applicants' workcapacities testing apparatus. In other embodiments, host computer 110 isremotely located from the other elements of Applicants' work capacitiestesting apparatus. In these embodiments, communication link 115comprises a local area network, a wide area network, the Internet, andcombinations thereof. In these remote computer embodiments, hostcomputer 110 comprises a computer system, such as a mainframe, personalcomputer, workstation, and combinations thereof, including an operatingsystem such as Windows, AIX, Unix, MVS, LINUX, etc. (Windows is aregistered trademark of Microsoft Corporation; AIX is a registeredtrademark and MVS is a trademark of IBM Corporation; and UNIX is aregistered trademark in the United States and other countries licensedexclusively through The Open Group.)

FIG. 1B shows embodiment 101 of Applicants' apparatus. In theillustrated embodiment of FIG. 1B, devices 180 and 190 are integratedinto a single device 198. Communication link 197 releaseablyinterconnects device 198 and hub 105. Communication link 197 is selectedfrom the group which includes a Universal Serial Bus (“USB”)interconnection, a Fire Wire interconnection, an IEEE-1394interconnection, or wireless connection such as Bluetooth, WiFi, andWireless USB, and the like.

In the illustrated embodiments of FIGS. 1A and 1B, Dynamic StrengthLifting and Carrying Device 120 is releaseably interconnected with hub105 via communication link 125, Hand Grip Strength Device 130 isreleaseably interconnected with hub 105 via communication link 135,Finger Pinch Strength Device 140 is releaseably interconnected with hub105 via communication link 145, Forearm/Wrist Strength Device 150 isreleaseably interconnected with hub 105 via communication link 155,Strength Push/Pull/Lift Device 160 is releaseably interconnected withhub 105 via communication link 165, Whole Body Coordination Device 170is releaseably interconnected with hub 105 via communication link 175,Finger Flexion Device 180 is releaseably interconnected with hub 105 viacommunication link 185, and Handling/Proprioception Device 190 isreleaseably interconnected with hub 105 via communication link 195. By“releaseably interconnected,” Applicants mean the interconnection can bealternatingly established and terminated using only a person's handswith no tools are required.

In certain embodiments where the host provides sufficient USB ports forthe devices in use, an external hub 105 is unnecessary.

In certain embodiments of Applicants' apparatus and method, one or moreof test devices 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, and/or 190, compriseintegrated devices. By “integrated device,” Applicants mean a testingdevice which comprises a processor, instructions used by the processorto implement one or more test protocols, and a data acquisition systemto locally store the results of the tests performed. Using an integrateddevice, the interconnected host computer need not comprisesoftware/firmware designed to operate the interconnected integrateddevice.

A “non-integrated device” does not comprise a processor, in combinationwith instructions used by the processor to implement one or more testprotocols, in combination with a data acquisition system to locallystore the results of the tests performed. Non-integrated devices arecontrolled by an interconnected host computer comprisingsoftware/firmware designed to operate that interconnected,non-integrated device.

In certain embodiments of Applicants' invention, each of devices 120,130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, and/or 190, comprise an integrated device,as defined herein. In other embodiments, Applicants' systems 100 and/or101 comprises one or more integrated devices and one or morenon-integrated devices, wherein one or more of those one or morenon-integrated devices comprise a data acquisition system and a USBinterface.

As a general matter, each of Applicants' integrated testing devicesmeasures force applied to a surface. Applicants' apparatus and methodthen convert that measured force to an analog electrical signal, andthen converts that analog signal to a digital value corresponding to theforce applied. This conversion to a digital value is done at closeproximity to the load cell or strain gage in order to minimize oreliminate environmental factors, such as temperature and inducedelectrical interference, from affecting the measurement. By “closeproximity,” Applicants mean within about 5 centimeters. In certainembodiments, the conversion from a measured force to an analog signal,and the conversion of that analog signal to a digital signal isperformed with an electrically and RF shielded environment.

The computed digital value is then transferred to the host. In certainembodiments, the conversion of the raw digital value to pounds,kilograms or any other unit of measure is performed by the host. Inother embodiments, the conversion of the raw digital value to pounds,kilograms or any other unit of measure is performed by the integratedtesting device itself.

In certain embodiments, each integrated testing device is assigned aunique identifier which can be read by a host. Use of this uniqueidentifier allows a host to distinguish one testing device from otherdevices in Applicants' system. Further, use of these unique identifierspermits the host to individually address each individual devicecomprising Applicants' system.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of Applicants' integrated test device.Applicants' integrated testing device includes a local controller 210which comprises one or more Interface Circuits which facilitatecommunication with the host, a Non-Volatile Memory Device 220 for datastorage, Analog to Digital Converter 230 which converts analog forcedata to digital data, and Load Cell or Strain Gage 250 and optionalvoltage regulator(s) for power management 280. The information stored inthe non-volatile memory includes the device identifier, and/orparticular calibration data for that testing device, and/or otherinformation needed to operate the device. Such calibration data is usedby control circuitry 210 and/or the host computer to convert the outputof an Analog to Digital Controller force data in pounds or kilograms orother units of measure.

Control circuitry 210 receives and recognizes a start command from thehost instructing the test device to begin converting analog data todigital data, and to manage the transmission of data to the host. Thehost can also simply read data stored in the output register of theAnalog to Digital Converter. Control circuitry 210 also receives andrecognizes commands to stop transmitting data, reset its operation,power up or down, and store new calibration or other data.

In certain embodiments, Interface Hardware/Control Circuitry 210includes a Cypress EZ-USB circuit which includes circuitry 1400. Incertain embodiments, Analog to Digital Converter 230 comprises a AnalogDevices AD7715 which includes an embedded instrumentation amplifier 240.In certain embodiments, Load Cell/Strain Gage 250 comprises an InterfaceSM250 circuit. In certain embodiments, Non-Volatile Memory 220 comprisesMicrochip Technology 24AA128ST or equivalent. In certain embodiments,Voltage Regulator 280 comprises a National Semiconductor LP2992AIM5-3.3or equivalent. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, thatthe above identified preferred circuits or devices can be replaced byother components.

Applicants' integrated testing devices include elements 210 and 220.Certain of Applicants' integrated devices further include element 230and/or element 240 and/or element 250 and/or element 260 and/or element270 and/or element 280.

In addition to the above features, Applicants' integrated test devicesoptionally include circuitry to monitor several discrete sensors andoperate lights, LEDs or mechanical actuators. In certain embodiments,Applicants' integrated devices include additional OperationAmplifier(s), Analog to Digital Converter(s), Load Cell(s) or StrainGage(s).

Applicants' static strength integrated testing devices include FingerPinch Strength Device 140, Hand Grip Strength Device 130, Forearm/WristStrength Device 150, and a Strength Push/Pull/Lift Device 160. Incertain embodiments, Applicants' system 100 further includes additionaldevices to measure static strength of the finger, ankle, knee, shoulder,hip or other joints.

Applicants' static strength integrated testing devices measure forcecapacities in a static environment for various biomechanics of anindividual. These integrated devices comprise one or more load cells orstrain gages that convert a force applied to a surface into a resistanceor an electrical signal. The electrical signal is converted to digitaldata which is force data. The data is sent to the host for analysis.

Finger Pinch Strength Device 140 measures the finger pinching strengthof an individual. The device comprises a load cell or strain gage, andoperates in conjunction with the host computer to measure the pinchstrength of an individual. Referring now to FIG. 13, Finger PinchStrength Device 140 comprises housing 1305. In certain embodiments,housing 1305 is formed from one or more metallic materials, such as forexample steel, aluminum, and the like. In certain embodiments, housing1305 has an essentially square cross-section. In certain embodiments,the walls comprising housing 1305 are about 3½ inches long, ¾ inch highand ¾ inch wide.

Device 140 further comprises depressable member 1310. In the illustratedembodiment of FIG. 13, depressable member 1310 is circular. In otherembodiments, member 1310 has a square shape, a rectangular shape, apentagonal shape, or a hexagonal shape.

In use, the subject grasps housing 1305 with his/her hand with the thumbdisposed on the top surface of member 1310. Depressable member 1310records the opposing action of the thumb pressing against the fingers ofthe test subject's hand. Member 1310 is attached to the top of load cellbended beam 1320. In certain embodiments, the distance of member 1310from the bottom of housing 1305 is about one inch to analogize thesubject's functional pinch capability to actual workplace performancerequirements. In these embodiments, Applicants' Finger Pinch StrengthDevice 140 provides a comparison of the test subject's finger pinchaction to real-world on-the-job activities. Applicants' device 140differs from prior art devices which typically have a measurementsurface disposed less than 0.75 inches from the bottom surface of thetest device.

Communication link 1360 interconnects load cell circuitry 1330 andintegrated test device circuitry 1340. Communication link 145 (FIGS. 1Aand 1B) interconnects circuitry 1340 to the host computer via cableconnector 1350. In certain embodiments, circuitry 1340 comprises a partor all of the elements shown in FIG. 14. Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14,load cell bended beam 1320 is interconnected to analog to digitalconverter (“ADC”) 1420 by communication link 1360. ADC 1420 isinterconnected to voltage regulator 1430 and crystal 1440. Voltageregulator 1430 is interconnected to microcontroller 1410. Crystal 1450,USB interface 1470, and memory 1480, are interconnected tomicrocontroller 1410. Voltage regulator 1460 is interconnected to USBinterface 1470. In certain embodiments, the elements shown in FIG. 14are implemented using the circuitry shown in FIG. 15. The circuitryshown in FIGS. 14 and 15 can be used for all strength devices shown onFIGS. 1A and 1B. The FIGS. 1A and 1B devices Whole Body CoordinationDevice 170 and Handling/Proprioception 190 and Finger Flexion Device 180may also use the circuitry shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 by using the allcomponents on FIGS. 14 and 15 except for the Analog to DigitalConverters 1420 and 1425 which are replaced by components 1710 or 1910in FIG. 17 or 19 respectively.

USB interface 1470 provides a data path to the host. Other types ofinterfaces such as Ethernet, Wireless USB, Bluetooth, IEEE Specification802.11 (the “IEEE Specification”), and the like, can be used dependingupon the features of the MICROCONTROLLER chosen. As those skilled in theart will appreciate, the IEEE Specification comprises a family ofspecifications developed by the IEEE for wireless LAN technology.

The IEEE Specification specifies an over-the-air interface between awireless client, such as for example projector 100, and a base stationor between two wireless clients. The IEEE accepted the IEEESpecification in 1997. There are several specifications in the 802.11family, including (i) specification 802.11 which applies to wirelessLANs and provides 1 or 2 Mbps transmission in the 2.4 GHz band usingeither frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) or direct sequencespread spectrum (DSSS); (ii) specification 802.11a which comprises anextension to 802.11 that applies to wireless LANs and provides up to 54Mbps in the 5 GHz band using an orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing encoding scheme rather than FHSS or DSSS; (iii)specification 802.11b, sometimes referred to as 802.11 High Rate orWi-Fi, which comprises an extension to 802.11 that applies to wirelessLANS and provides up to about 11 Mbps transmission in the 2.4 GHz band;and/or (iv) specification 802.11g which applies to wireless LANs andprovides 20+Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band; and/or (v) other specifications inthe 802.11 family.

Voltage regulator 1460 provides voltage regulation which microcontroller1410 may optionally monitor. Crystal 1440 and crystal 1450 providetiming for microcontroller 1410 and ADC 1420 respectively.Microcontroller 1410 coordinates data transfer and handshaking signalsbetween the USB interface 1470, ADC 1420, and non-volatile memory 1480.ADC 1420 provides amplification of the load cell signal, filtering,conversion from analog to digital, and calibration functions for and asdirected by microcontroller 1410. The voltage regulator 1430 andoptional voltage regulator 1435 are used to provide power to theassociated circuitry and remove power from the associated circuitry toconserver power. The optional voltage regulator 1435 and ADC 1425 andinterface to Load Cell 2 are used by the Forearm/Wrist Strength Deviceand Strength Push/Pull/Lift Device which require two load cells. Inaddition other devices requiring dual load cells, such as a dual gripstrength device or a dual pinch strength device measures simultaneousstrength.

Hand Grip Strength Device 130 measures hand gripping strength of anindividual. The device comprises a load cell or strain gage, andoperates in conjunction with the host computer to measure the gripstrength of an individual. Referring now to FIG. 16, Hand Grip StrengthDevice 130 comprises upper housing portion 1602 and lower housingportion 1604. In certain embodiments, housing portions 1602 and 1604comprise one or more metallic materials, such as steel, aluminum, andthe like. In certain embodiments, Hand Grip Strength Device 130 is about4.5 inches long and about 1.5 inches in diameter. As those skilled inthe art will appreciate, the length and/or diameter of device 130 can beadjusted to fit the hand grasp and circumstances of the subject beingtested.

Pivot ring 1650 joins upper housing portion 1602 and lower housingportion 1604, and functions as a free floating pivot point. Member 1610interconnects upper housing portion 1602 and the top surface of loadcell bended beam 1620. As the test subject squeezes upper housingportion 1602 and lower housing portion 1604 together, member 1610transfers mechanical energy to load cell bended beam 1620.

Communication link 1660 interconnects load cell circuitry 1630 andintegrated test device circuitry 1640. Communication link 135 (FIG. 1Aand FIG. 1B) interconnects circuitry 1640 to the host computer. Incertain embodiments, integrated test device circuitry 1640 comprises apart or all of the elements shown in FIG. 14. Load cell circuitry 1630is interconnected to analog to digital converter (“ADC”) 1420 (FIG. 14)by communication link 1640. ADC 1420 is interconnected to voltageregulator 1430 (FIG. 14) and crystal 1440 (FIG. 14). Voltage regulator1430 (FIG. 14) is interconnected to microcontroller 1410 (FIG. 14).Crystal 1450 (FIG. 14), USB interconnect 1470 (FIG. 14), and memory 1480(FIG. 14), are interconnected to microcontroller 1410. Voltage regulator1460 (FIG. 14) is interconnected to USB interconnect 1470. In certainembodiments, the elements shown in FIG. 14 are implemented using thecircuitry shown in FIG. 15.

In other embodiments a dual channel device can be built using theoptional 1425 and 1435 to support multiple grip and pinch load cells orother combinations. Someone skilled in the art can see that this can beextended to as many channels as needed by adding additional optionalblocks.

Forearm/Wrist Strength Device 150 measures the strength of the forearmand the wrist in either the flexion/extension or pronation/supinationaxes. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, bending the wristinwardly is referred to as flexion, bending the wrist outwardly isreferred to as extension, rotating the wrist/forearm inwardly isreferred to pronation, and rotating the wrist/forearm outwardly isreferred to as supination. Applicants' Forearm/Wrist Strength Devicecomprises an integrated device which allows the above-recited tests tobe performed using a single testing apparatus.

Applicants' Forearm/Wrist Strength Device comprises a multi-axis,isometric strength testing device using two load cells or strain gauges.Such integration allows a compact footprint and minimizes the number ofdiscrete hardware components, thereby enhancing portability. Inaddition, Applicants' system accommodates differing extremes inphysiology amongst tested persons. Using prior art devices and methods,individuals who are either small in stature, or very large in stature,cannot be tested using the available computerized testing devices. Inmarked contrast, however, Applicants' system is adjustable therebyallowing accurate testing regardless of the physical size of theperson's forearm, hand or wrist.

FIG. 6A illustrates a first embodiment of Applicants' Forearm/WristStrength Device 150. Referring now to FIG. 6A, Applicants' Forearm/WristStrength Device 150 comprises a platform base 610 which is about 4″ wideand about 14″ long. Platform base 610 is formed from a rigid material,including metal, wood, plastic, and combinations thereof.

Shuttle 620 and sensing unit 650 are attached to the platform 610.Shuttle 620 is moveably disposed at a first end, i.e. the evaluee's end,of platform 610, and sensing unit 650 is disposed at the opposite end ofplatform 610. Shuttle portion can be moved closer or further away fromthe sensing unit handle 640 to accommodate the differences in hand/wristand forearm size. Handle 640 contains a shaft 645 that can be removedfrom the sensing unit 650 and repositioned at about 30 degree angleincrements for pronation and supination test activities. Immobilizationdevice 630 is attached to shuttle assembly 620. In certain embodiments,device 630 comprises two semicircular halves that hingedly open toaccommodate the evaluee's wrist. Immobilization device 630 is thenclosed around the evaluee's wrist. In certain embodiments, device 630 ismaintained in the closed configuration using, for example, a flexibleband comprising a plurality of hook and loop fasteners.

Referring now to FIGS. 6B, 6C, and 6D, in other embodiments theimmobilization device consists of platform 610, shuttle 620 slidinglydisposed on platform 610, cushion 655, and pair of moveable posts 660.Shuttle 620 is formed to include a plurality of aperture sets, such asaperture sets 670 a/670 b, 672 a/672 b, 674 a/674 b shown in FIG. 6C.Referring now to FIG. 6D, post assembly 660 comprises a cylindricalmember 662 having a first diameter, a second cylindrical member 664having a second diameter, wherein the second cylindrical member 664 isattached to the bottom portion of first cylindrical member 662 andextending outwardly therefrom, wherein the first diameter is greaterthan the second diameter. Member 664 is dimensioned such that member 664can be removeably inserted into one or the aperture disposed in shuttle620. First cylindrical member 662 and second cylindrical member areformed from one or more rigid materials, such as for example wood,metal, engineering plastic, ceramic, and the like.

Covering 665 is disposed around the vertical surface of firstcylindrical member 662. Covering 665 is formed from one or more flexiblematerials, such as a polyethylene foam, a polyurethane foam, a polyvinylfoam, and the like.

Referring again to FIG. 6C, post assemblies 660 a and 660 b areremoveably disposed in a set of apertures disposed in shuttle 620 toaccommodate the evaluee's wrist size and circumstances. The top view onFIG. 6C shows the various sets of apertures that can be used to positionpost assemblies 660 a and 660 b to accommodate the evaluee's wrist size.

The Forearm/Wrist Strength Testing Device as shown in FIG. 6B uses animmobilization device to assure that the individual is aligned in theproper axis required for the test activity. The immobilization deviceconsists of a moveable platform attached to the shuttle that has acushion rest centered on the platform. Two moveable posts 635 having acushioned cover are attached to the platform using a threaded stud onthe bottom. The posts are positioned at accommodating widths on theplatform by threading the stud into the platform. In other embodimentsthe posts can be positioned and affixed in place using a ball releasepin, a compression stud or other connecting hardware.

Using either the embodiment of FIG. 6A or FIG. 6B, the person beingtested grips the sensing unit handle 640 and, depending on the test,either rotates the handle 640 clockwise or counterclockwise, or movesshaft 645 laterally. The sensing unit 650 records the test movements byusing two load cells measuring the respective test moves.

In certain embodiments, Applicants' Forearm/Wrist Strength Device 150includes a third load cell or strain gage. Using these embodiments,Applicants' Forearm/Wrist Strength Device 150 can measure radial andlunar deviation strength, which is movement of the wrist in the up anddown axis. In certain embodiments, Applicants' Forearm/Wrist StrengthDevice further includes a fourth strain gage or load cell thereby addinggrip strength measurement capability to Applicants' device 150.

Applicants' Strength Push/Pull/Lift Device 160 is used to take wholebody bilateral strength measurements with the whole body stationary.Device 160 works “bilaterally.” By “bilateral measurement,” Applicantsmean device 160 measures the force applied by both sides of the body atthe same time. For pushing, pulling or lifting there are two handles.Associated hardware includes positioning equipment to place the handlesin the position required by the testing protocol being used.

The tested individual apples force to a stationary object, and device160 measures push, pull, and/or lifting strength for both sides of thebody at the same time. Device 160 includes two load cells or straingages in combination one or two communication links. Measuring sensorsare disposed in the handles grasped by the tested individual. These loadcells or strain gages sense the direction the individual is pushing,pulling or lifting. The position of the handles can be varied, i.e.vertical, or horizontal, or any position in between such that theindividual being tested can be in any body position to push, pull orlift the handles.

Referring now to FIG. 26, Applicants' Strength Push/Pull/Lift Device 160comprises force handle assembly 2610 which includes gripping surface2612, force handle assembly 2620 which includes gripping surface 2612,housing 2660, housing 2670, force handle base 2630, force handle base2640, force arm 2650, and plate arm 2690. Plate arm 2690 can beremoveably attached to monopole shuttle 820 (FIG. 8).

Force handle base 2630 is releaseably attached to force handle arm 2650using thumb screw 2635. Force handle base 2640 is similarly releaseablyattached to force handle arm using a thumb screw. In the firstorientation of force handle assembly 2610 shown in FIG. 26, the testsubject pushes or pulls gripping surface 2612 horizontally.

The first orientation of force handle assembly 2610 and/or 2620 shown inFIG. 26 can be adjusted to a second orientation by releasing thumbscrew(s) 2635, one on each end of force arm 2650, repositioning theforce handle assembly/housing 2660 and/or 2670 upwardly 90 degrees, andreattaching thumb screw(s) 2635. In this second orientation, the testsubject pulls or lifts upwardly on gripping surface 2612 and/or 2622.

Similarly, the first orientation of force handle assembly 2610 and/or2620 shown in FIG. 26 can be adjusted to a third orientation byreleasing thumb screw(s) 2635, rotating force handle assembly/housing2660 and/or 2670 downwardly 90 degrees, and reattaching thumb screw(s)2635. In this third orientation, the test subject pushes or liftsupwardly on gripping surface 2612 and/or 2622.

Force handle assembly 2610 is attached to housing 2660. Bidirectionalload cell 2665 is disposed within housing 2660, and is mechanicallyinterconnected by member 2662 to force handle assembly 2610. Forcehandle assembly 2620 is attached to housing 2670. Bidirectional loadcell 2675 is disposed within housing 2670, and is mechanicallyinterconnected by member 2672 to force handle assembly 2620.

Load cell 2665 and load cell 2675 are interconnected with circuitry2680. In certain embodiments, circuitry 2680 comprises circuitry 1400(FIG. 14) wherein load cell 2665 is interconnected with ADC 1420 (FIG.14), and wherein load cell 2675 is interconnected with ADC 1425 (FIG.14). Circuitry 2680 and 2675 are releaseably interconnected with thehost computer. In certain embodiments, circuitry 2680 interconnects withhost computer via USB interface 1470 (FIG. 14). Device 160 measures thestrength over a specified time interval for a specified number of timesprogrammable by the evaluator. Device 160 can also be used to measureforce applied by only one hand by placing one of the measurement handlesin the center of the device.

In addition to the static testing device described above, Applicants'system 100 further includes performance test devices 170, 180, and 190.These devices measure how well an individual performs work movements.Sensors are placed at various locations to monitor work movements andthe time required to complete each move is recorded.

Applicants' Device 198 (FIG. 1B), which includes Devices 180 (FIGS. 1A,1B) and 190 (FIGS. 1A, 1B), measures functional hand/eye coordinationand hand/finger movement. Device 190 comprises an enclosure having thehandling and proprioception tests on one side, and finger flexion teston another side. Device 198 is thereby an integrated device that permitsone apparatus to replace at least two different devices required usingprior art apparatus and methods. Referring again to FIG. 2, suchintegration allows both devices to use common elements 210, 220, 260,270, and 280. In certain embodiments, device 198 includes two Touch Padsthat share one Touch Interface.

Applicants' device 190 is used to measure the individual's fingering andhandling performance as defined by the U.S. Department of Labor.Fingering is defined as the individual's ability to pick, pinch orotherwise work primarily with the fingers rather than the whole hand orarm. Fingering contains two test components when measuring this physicaldemand, finger flexion and proprioception. Applicants'Fingering/HandlingDevice 190 uses solid state components to prevent mechanical breakdownof components, thereby overcoming a problem inherent with prior arttesting devices.

Applicants' Finger Flexion Device 180, when used for finger flexiontesting, isolates the fingers from the hand, wrist, forearm and shoulderunlike prior art devices where an individual may compensate for fingermovements by using the wrist, forearm or shoulder. Referring now to FIG.3, Device 180 includes Finger Flexion Station 300 which maintains thehand, forearm, and body in a stationary position so that only thefingers move.

Finger Flexion Station 300 comprises Panel 305, Palm Rest Locations 310a and 310 b, Touch Pad 320, Touch Pad Light 330, Finger Touch Pad 340,and Finger Touch Pad Light 350.

Device 180 measures the speed at which an individual can move his/herfingers repetitively. Prior art devices comprise a keyboard. Problemsare inherent with these prior art devices because when using a keyboardthe tested person must use different downward movements and bounce backmovements, where those movements are a function of the mechanics of thekeyboard being used. In addition, the mechanical aspects of keyboardsage and change over time, and from manufacturer to manufacturer. Thususing such prior art devices and methods, little consistency existsbetween tests for the same individual.

In contrast, Applicants' Finger Flexion Device 180 does not vary withuse or time, because use of station 300 does not include using akeyboard, but rather uses solid state touch technology. UsingApplicants' station 300, no downward finger pressure is needed to recordthe flexion move. Individuals who have had joint replacement on a fingertend to rotate the wrist when applying downward finger pressure. Use ofa keyboard device distorts the test for these persons. Applicants'design uses a touch pad with a large surface area and a cushion for theindividual to rest his or her palm.

Applicants' Finger Flexion Station 300 isolates finger movement fromwrist and arm movement. Using Applicants' apparatus and method, theindividual moves only the fingers. The individual being tested does nothave to apply finger pressure as with a keyboard. All that is needed isto make contact with the touch pad. This keeps the test from beingdistorted. The movements are monitored by the host computer to determinefinger flexibility required to perform certain types of work.

In certain embodiments, Applicants' touch circuitry projects aninvisible field capable of detecting the intrusion or contact of thehuman body into the sense field. The sense field is calibrated so thatit causes a detection of intrusion when the enclosure surface iscontacted. The sense field may also be calibrated for non-contactapplications, for instance to detect the presence of the human bodywithin 1 cm of the surface. Using such touch sense circuitry minimizesthe stress applied to the operable body part which is desirable whenthere is pathology or injury to that body part. Since the sensecircuitry requires no force, this minimizes pain or discomfortassociated with the testing apparatus. Such a sense circuit is availablefrom Q-Touch, Inc.

Handling, as defined by the U.S. Department of Labor, is described asthe individual's ability to seize, hold, grasp, turn or otherwise workwith the hand or hands. In the definition of handling, fingers areinvolved only to the extent that they are extensions of the hand, suchas to turn a switch or shift automobile gears.

Handling/Proprioception Device 190 includes an element to measureproprioception via the movement of a pin from one location to another,and handling via rotating or inverting and placing a faceted object.Proprioception as related to work function is defined as theindividual's ability to recognize where the body part is by way offeedback to biofunctional receptors located in the muscles, tendons,joints and skin.

Because fingering requires precise motor control to perform work,proprioception and finger flexion performance is commonly used todetermine this physical capacity. The ability to pick, move andmanipulate small items using visual queues has become the most commonmethod of assessing proprioception. In addition to functional motorcontrol, the individual must have adequate hand/eye coordination tocomplete the moves.

Prior art devices and methods to measure this physical performance areproblematic. The most common prior art methods employ a simple woodpegboard requiring the person being tested to insert pins or pegs asfast as possible in a series of holes. These prior art tests aretypically short timed activities, non-isolative, and do not sufficientlyload the muscles of the hand and fingers to predict future workperformance.

In contrast, Applicants' proprioception device requires the individualto repeat exactly the same moves throughout the test activity lastingapproximately 10 times longer than current tests. This makes it easilycompatible with Method-Time Measurement time and motion performancescoring.

FIG. 4 shows Applicants' proprioception test station 400, which is anelement of Device 190. FIG. 9 summarizes Applicants' proprioception testsequence. Handling/Proprioception test station 400 is formed to includeapertures 410, 455, 465, 475, and 485, and further comprises panel 405,Touch Pad 420, Touch Pad Light 430, faceted object 440 dimensioned tofit within aperture 410, first light 450 disposed adjacent aperture 455,second light 460 disposed adjacent aperture 465, third light 470disposed adjacent aperture 475, and fourth light 480 disposed adjacentaperture 485.

Using Applicants' proprioception test, an individual moves a pin fromone location to another, i.e. between apertures 455, 465, 475, and 485.The protocol defines a time period required to perform the tests. Anevaluator sets up the test and the individual operates an actuator. Incertain embodiments, the individual touches a touch pad, which has asensor, to start the test and record various movements.

During the test sequence, an individual touches touch pad 420, moves hishand from the touch pad to a pin, grasps the pin, picks up the pin, andmoves the pin from one or apertures 455, 465, 475, and 485, to adifferent one of those apertures. At the bottom of each of apertures455, 465, 475, and 485 is a metal plate. The individual must hold thepin until it reaches that metal plate in order for the test move to becomplete. Touching the metal plate generates a signal. This signal ismonitored by the host.

The pin cannot be dropped into the aperture to complete the test.Rather, the pin must be held by the individual until it reaches metalplate disposed at the bottom of the aperture. This then results in apure controlled movement with a more accurate read of the move. The hostcomputer monitors the test for completion and speed using two sensors.The hand is moved back to the touch pad which is touched to complete thetest cycle. The test routine is repeated until the timing is complete.Applicants' method can comprise a repetitive test where it is run for apredetermined number of repetitions, or for a predetermined time. Incertain embodiments, Applicants' method further includes screwing thepin into the hole, or placing a pin into a shaped hole such as atriangle or square.

In certain embodiments, Applicants' device 198, which includes Device180 and Device 190, further includes elements 210, 220, 260, 270, and280 recited in FIG. 2. The control circuitry 210 disposed within device300 detects the contact of the human body by measuring the change ofcapacitance or inductance of a metal plate when touched. This changecreates a measurable electrical signal which is amplified andconditioned to simulate the function of a mechanical switch. If a bodypart required to touch the plate is not able to do the touch by skincontact, with the touch plate, due to being in a cast or another reason,conductive material is worn surrounding the required body part andtouching the skin elsewhere. This allows the test to proceed as normal.

Referring again to FIG. 4, station 400 further includes faceted object440. In certain embodiments, object 440 comprises a cube which can beremoveably inserted into aperture 410 in as many as twenty-four (24)different orientations, i.e. six faces times four different orientationsper face. The surfaces of the object are marked with letters or othersymbols. Applicants' test includes several test sequences as follows: anindividual presses a touch pad at the start of the test which has a LED“on” above it. The touch turns “off” the LED and an object move isinstructed. In one test the individual picks up the object and rotatesthe object to a predetermined position. In another test the individualinverts the object. In another test the individual rotates and invertsthe object.

In another test the individual starts with the object at a predeterminedposition, for example the letter “A” showing upward, then moves theobject to a position with some other letter in the upward position.After completing the correct move, the touch pad again lights and theindividual presses the touch pad to complete the test move. The activityis repeated for the next requested move and so on. These tests can berun as a serial test with any combination of the above tests. In certainembodiments, Applicants' handling device and method senses both whichletter or symbol is on top, but also which direction the letter orsymbol is facing.

FIG. 10 summarizes Applicants' handling test sequence. The handling testmeasures a more gross movement of a faceted object into a square hole.Here an object is turned 90, 180 or 270 degrees, or the object isflipped to the upside down position and may be turned. For this test anevaluator sets up the test and the individual touches the screen tostart the test. An LED goes “on” near the touch pad. The individualtouches the touch pad with his thumb or designated body part and thefirst LED goes “off” then one of four LEDs, located at each corner ofthe hole, go “on”. When the individual completes the rotation or flipoperation correctly the LED goes “off” and the touch pad LED goes “on”.The host computer reads the correct position when the object is placedback in the hole by reading a set of magnets in the target. After theobject is replaced, the individual makes the next move using his or herthumb or designated body part to touch the pad. The test is runrepetitively for a predetermined amount of time which completes thetest. The host monitors the test for correctness and monitors the speed.

Applicants' test more precisely quantifies pick and place movement thando prior art devices and methods. In certain embodiments, Applicants'sensing system comprises one or more magnets in combination with one ormore magnetic reed switches or hall-effect sensors which are very lowpower. In other embodiments, Applicants' sensing system comprises photosensors.

As those skilled in the art will appreciate, handling is a common moveperformed in the manufacturing environment. In certain embodiments,Applicants' handling test further includes operations where the objectis rotated or flipped so that any of the six identifiable faces of theobject is in the top position. In certain embodiments, Applicants'handling test further includes operations where the object is rotated orflipped so that any of the six identifiable faces of the object is inthe top position and is pointing in a predetermined direction.

FIG. 19 shows the control elements for Applicants' Finger Flexion Deviceand Handling/Proprioception Device. In certain embodiments ofApplicants' apparatus, the circuits for Applicant's Finger FlexionDevice and the Handling/Proprioception Device, except for a DataAcquisition System (DAQ) with USB interface such as Data AcquisitionSystem circuit 1910, are packaged together. Referring to FIG. 19, DataAcquisition System circuit 1910, which comprises a USB data acquisitionsystem, provides a USB interface for host connection. Data AcquisitionSystem circuit 1910 is connected to Decoder 1920 which selects voltageregulators VREG1, VREG2 and/or VREG3. When a voltage regulator is turned“on” by the Data Acquisition System, it turns “on” the power to thesensors and LEDs associated with that voltage regulator.

In certain embodiments, if VREG3 is turned “on,” Applicants' FingerFlexion circuitry is turned “on”. Faceted Object Sensors and LEDScircuitry 1960 comprises the hardware needed to read the orientation ofthe facetted block, and provides the LED feedback to the person beingtested. The PIN Sensors and LED circuitry 1970 provides the sensing andLED response associated with pin placement in holes 1 through 4 as shownin FIG. 4.

The Handling Touch Pad and LED circuitry 1980 comprises the sensing andLED response required when a user touches the Handling Touch Pad shownin FIG. 4. The Finger Touch Pad and Touch Pads and LEDs circuit 1990comprises the circuitry needed for the Finger Flexion test. Circuitry1990 comprises the sensing function for the Finger Touch Pad, thesensing function for the Touch Pad and the LED response as shown in FIG.3.

In certain embodiments, the elements of FIG. 19 are implemented usingcircuitry 2000 shown in FIG. 20. Circuitry 2000 includes Decodercircuitry portion 1920, Handling Touch Pad and LED circuitry 1980,Finger Touch Pad/Touch Pad and LED circuitry 1990. FIG. 19 VREGs aredistributed throughout the FIG. 20 circuitry. In other embodiments,FIGS. 19 and 20 are made an integrated device by removing DataAcquisition System 1910 and adding circuitry 1410, 1450, 1460, 1470, and1480 from FIG. 14.

Applicants' Whole Body Coordination Device 170 measures gross and finemotion of the upper extremity(ies), usually while standing, stooping,crouching or kneeling positions among others. Referring now to FIGS. 5,23, and 11, FIGS. 5 and 23 illustrate embodiments of Applicants' wholebody coordination device 170. FIG. 11 summarizes Applicants' whole bodycoordination test. When performing this test, the individual holds awand in both hands and responds to a dual colored LED light stimulusand/or commands from the host. If the LED is “red”, the individualtouches the touch pad or sensing area next to the lit LED with the wandin his right hand. If the LED is “green”, the individual touches thetouch pad or sensing area next to the lit LED with the wand in his lefthand. The test is run repeatedly for a designated time interval.

The wands are used to reach forward, downwardly, or upwardly, and touchparticular points consisting of touch pads or sensing areas on a touchpanel in front of the individual. The points are located on a verticalsurface that can also be positioned horizontal and/or overhead. Theindividual must make a functional grasp of the wand at the beginning ofthe test, and must continue to maintain the functional grasp whentouching the wand to the touch pads or sensing areas throughout thetest. The functional grasp used with this device is defined as anoblique grasp. An oblique grasp is used to hold a screwdriver or an openwrench. In this case the wands are held with the individual's thumbapplying a predetermined pressure to a button switch that closes acircuit for monitoring purposes. In certain embodiments, Applicants'default protocol for the test is set up to guarantee that the individualmoves the wands to every combination of positions.

Applicants' wands are configured in various shapes and grip pressures tomatch job standards or demands. Grip sizes, and types can be used on thewands that match the job or measurement requirement(s). Other gripoptions include circular, lateral, precision, and other types. Acircular grasp is used, for example, when holding a hand tool. A lateralgrasp is used, for example, when holding a flat object like sheet steelwith the thumb applying hold pressure on the top side and the fingers onthe opposite side of the object. A precision grasp is used, for example,when holding an object with opposition pressure between the tips thumband typically the index and middle fingers.

Applicants' grip wands assure that the specific upper extremity physicalor work demand needed is being used to make each movement in the test.The host computer uses test information to determine the individual'sfunctional work capacity. The test is a whole body test that monitorsthe functional work posture of the individual. For example, if anindividual has poor mobility in the elbow, it can be compensated for byturning at the waist instead of bending the elbow to touch theappropriate point. This can affect the performance of the individual butnot necessarily the capacity of the individual to perform the test. Incertain embodiments, Applicants' method includes using tests thatrequirement movement of both wands at the same time or sequentially. Forexample, these test protocols could be used as a training device forpilots who are required to perform moves with both hands at the sametime.

Applicants' Whole Body Coordination Device 170 can be used for workhardening or conditioning where an individual is tested to improve hisor her postural strength or functional work range abilities. Here thetest is performed many times in succession for a long period of time.The host monitors the performance and documents improvement, fatiguepatterns, concentration and other related work demands. The protocolscan be customized by the evaluator to meet the needs of an individualcase.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 5, Applicants' Whole BodyCoordination Device 170 comprises panel 502. In certain embodiments,panel 502 is approximately 3 feet wide by 2 feet high with a hardnon-conductive surface. Whole Body Coordination Device 170 furthercomprises a plurality of metal disks, touch pads, each having a lightdisposed adjacent on the panel surface.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 5, Applicants' Whole BodyCoordination Device 170 comprises touch pads 522, 523, 524, 525, 526,527, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 582,583, 584, 585, 586, and 587. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 5,Applicants' Whole Body Coordination Device 170 comprises lights 532,533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 572, 573, 574,575, 576, 577, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, and 597, which can be locatedabove, below, adjacent or within the associated touch pads.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 5, the light associated with eachtouch pad is disposed below that touch pad. In other embodiments, thelight associated with each touch pad is disposed above that touch pad.

Applicants' Whole Body Coordination Device 170 further comprises wands510 and 515. In certain embodiments, wand 510 and 515 are tubular orother shaped wands. Wand 510 is flexibly interconnected with panel 502via flexible communication link 504. Wand 515 is flexibly interconnectedwith panel 502 via flexible communication link 505.

Wand 510 comprises shaft 512, thumb button/grip sensor 513 disposed onshaft 512, light 511 disposed on shaft 512, and conductive end 514 whichthe user touches to the panel's various metal disks as part of the test,rehabilitation, human performance or work performance activity. Wand 515comprises shaft 517, thumb button/grip sensor 518 disposed on shaft 517,light 516 disposed on shaft 517, and conductive end 519.

When the user presses the wand's thumb button or activates the gripsensor, the light on the wand turns on and its sensing circuit becomesactive. The participant user touches each disk with the appropriate wandas the light associated with that disk is lit. The panel lights can emittwo different colors. The user responds by pressing the correspondingwand thumb button or activating the grip sensor to activate the sensingcircuit for that hand, and touches the metal disk below the light. Forexample, in certain embodiments a red light indicates use of theright-hand wand and a green light indicates uses of the left-hand wand.When the correct metal disk is touched with the wand, that light turnsoff and the next programmed light on the panel turns on. This sequencingof lights continues for the duration of the programmed activity, and theresults are recorded for use by the computer, microprocessor or otherelectronic recording device for interpretation by an operating program.

In certain embodiments, the panel is connected to a shuttle that permitsadjustment of the panel vertically on a monopole, thereby allowing thepanel to be used at different heights. The shuttle connector isconstructed to allow the touch panel surface to be used, in a verticalorientation or a horizontal orientation wherein the user surface facesthe floor. Changing the panel from a vertical to a horizontalorientation is accomplished by pulling the top edge of the panel torelease a magnetic connector on the panel back from the shuttleconnector. A hinge allows the panel to rotate to the horizontal positionwith the assist of a fixed force gas spring, which also stabilizes thepanel during horizontal use.

The panel can be adjusted from the horizontal orientation to thevertical orientation by lifting the leading edge up and rotating backtoward the monopole until the back connects with the magnetic connectoron the shuttle connector. In other embodiments, the panel may also bepositioned horizontally with the sensing surface facing the ceiling forassessing the work surface response of the user participant. In otherembodiments, the panel may be positioned at custom plane angles to matchspecific job demands. In other embodiments, the panel can emit threecolors instead of two colors. When a third color is emitted, the evalueetouches the metal disk with both left and right wands.

FIG. 23 illustrates a second embodiment of Applicants' Whole BodyCoordination Device 170. This embodiment comprises panel 2302, wand 510(FIG. 5), flexible interconnection 504 (FIG. 5), wand 515 (FIG. 5) andflexible interconnection 505 (FIG. 5). Panel 2302 comprises a smooth,translucent surface with no visible features. By “translucent surface,”Applicants mean that light emitted by each of the plurality of LEDsdisposed behind panel 2302 is visually detectable by a person standingadjacent the exterior surface of panel 2302.

Behind the surface of the panel is circuitry comprising LED lightsdisposed behind the panel surface at various locations. The illustratedembodiment of FIG. 23 comprises LEDs 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 552,553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 592, 593, 594,595, 596, and 597.

The LEDs can emit three colors, namely red, green or white. The LEDs arecontrolled by the computer, microprocessor or other electroniccontroller. An electromagnet surrounds each LED, and that electromagnetis activated when the LED is on. The illustrated embodiment of FIG. 23comprises electromagnets 2322, 2323, 2324, 2325, 2326, 2327, 2342, 2343,2344, 2345, 2346, 2347, 2362, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2366, 2367, 2382, 2383,2384, 2385, 2386, and 2387. Each electromagnet comprises substantiallythe same diameter as the metal disk touch pads of FIG. 5 describedabove.

Interconnected with the panel at the left and right lower corners of thepanel are two tubular wands 510 (FIG. 5) and 515 (FIG. 5) describedabove. When the user presses the wand's thumb button or activates thegrip sensor, the light on the wand lights and its sensing circuit, aHall Effect sensor, is active. The participant user responds to each ofthe LED locations by touching the panel at the emitting LED with thecorresponding wand. The panel lights can emit three different colors.The user responds by depressing the corresponding wand thumb button oractivating the grip sensor to activate the sensing circuit for theindicated hand, and touches the light location. When the correct lightarea is touched with the wand(s,) that LED turns off and the nextprogrammed light on the panel turns on. This continues for the durationof the programmed activity, and the results are recorded for use by thecomputer, microprocessor or other electronic recording device forinterpretation by an operating program. Both touch panel versions areconnected to the monopole using the same hardware.

FIG. 17 shows the elements used to operate Applicants' Touch Panel. DataAcquisition System circuit 1710, which comprises a USB data acquisitionsystem, provides a USB interface for the host computer connection. TheData Acquisition System circuit 1710, through Interface Circuitry 1720,connects to Address Decoder 1730 which selects either the Wand and/orthe Touch Plate and LED. Wand Control 1740 determines which wand hasbeen selected by the user and determines if the wand is touching thepredetermined target. The Touch Plate and LED circuitry 1750 senseswhich Touch Plate has been touched and the turns on or off theassociated LED. Target Control 1760 performs the same functions as 1750for the target panel.

The elements of FIG. 17 are implemented using circuitry 1800. Referringnow to FIG. 18, circuitry 1800 includes portion 1830 comprising theAddress Decoder, portion 1840 comprising the Wand Control, portion 1850comprising the Touch Plate and LED Control and portion 1860 comprisingTarget Control. In other embodiments, FIG. 17 is made an integrateddevice by removing Data Acquisition System 1710 and adding circuitry1400, 1410, 1450, 1460, 1470, and 1480 from FIG. 14.

Dynamic strength testing measures functional material handling of aworker. Applicants' system includes one dynamic strength device whichcomprises Applicants' Dynamic Lifting and Carrying Device 120.

Referring now to FIGS. 24 and 25, Applicants' Dynamic Strength TestDevice 120 is used to measure an individual's dynamic lift capacity.Lift velocity is measured using potentiometer 2410 which isinterconnected with lift container 2420. Lift container 2420 comprisesretainer angle 2460.

Scale 2440 is disposed on floor component 2430. Lift container isinitially placed on scale 2440. The evaluee lifts container 2420 andremoveably attaches that lift container to lift plate 2450 by hookingretainer angle 2460 over the top portion of lift plate 2450.

Prior art devices disposed a potentiometer in the floor portion of thetesting apparatus. Because Applicants' potentiometer 2410 is attached tomonopole 2130, Applicants' floor component is thinner, lighter andoptional. Therefore unlike prior art test devices, Applicants' DynamicStrength Test Device is portable.

Referring now to FIG. 27, Applicants' Dynamic Strength Test Device 120can be further utilized to implement a carrying routine wherein evaluee2405 lifts container 2420 from scale 2440, carries that lift container2420 around a designated track 2710, and returns the lift container toscale 2440. The carry time is recorded by the host computer, and thatrecorded time is compared to MTM standards for competitive workperformance.

Applicants' method provides an evidentiary record of the test activitiesrecorded. The default lift object is a standard fiberglass tote boxcommonly used in industry for material handling. This tote box includesa simple hook across the back side of the box that can be attached tothe lift destination. The lift destination is a flat vertical plate setby the evaluator as required to match the job standard or measurementrequirement. During the test, the individual lifts the tote box andhooks it when prompted for a′pre-set number of times and continues tolift greater weights until no longer safe or a lift standard is metdepending on the test goals.

Applicants' Dynamic Strength Lifting and Carrying Device 120 measuresdynamic whole body lifting and carrying strength. An Individual grasps aweighted object connected to a sensor with both hands. The device thenmeasures the weight of the object, the velocity and distance of thelift. This test can be repeated with different increasing weights untilthe test goals are met.

When used for work hardening or conditioning, the device is used with asmall range of increasing and decreasing weight. The system can be setto have an individual work for pre-set periods of time using prescribedweights and frequencies of lift. Such routines are used to improve humanwork performance at levels safely tolerable by the individual. As theindividual meets performance standards, the host automatically resetsthe activity to the next performance routine until the prescribed goalsare met.

As those skilled in the art will appreciate, a protocol is a process forperforming a test or a series of tests in a standardized way so that theresults reliably predict an individual's work capacity. Applicants'software administers the test according to the protocol. That softwareissues script elements required by the protocol, and executes the testin a manner defined by the protocol.

In certain embodiments, Applicants' method provides messages visually ona display, and audibly through earphones or speakers, to instruct theindividual being tested. In addition, Applicants' software analyzes thedata generated in a pre-determined manner to provide reliable andpredictable conclusions. Test protocols can be customized by theevaluator to meet the needs of an individual. In certain embodiments,software interface screens are used to customize the protocol chosen bythe evaluator, defined by job analysis, required by the user or requiredfor other reasons.

Referring now to FIG. 12, when the system comes up the host addresseseach of the test devices and moves any necessary calibration orconfiguration data to the host. As a general matter, this data is loadedbefore the test begins since this data is peculiar to each individualdevice even if they are of the same type. The evaluator selects aroutine and the protocol for the test from the host display. Applicants'software verifies that the device is connected. A start command is thensent to the device requesting data to be sent to the host. The hostsends audio and/or visual messages to the individual to start the test.As the test is being performed, additional messages are being sent tothe individual as defined by the protocol.

When the individual completes the test he/she releases the test deviceand the individual is given an audio and/or visual instructionindicating the test is complete. The data the host has accumulated isthen converted to pounds, kilograms or any other unit of measure and isanalyzed according to the test protocol. If the test includesdetermining, for example, a maximum force number, then the host searchesthe data and stores that maximum number. If the device can do thesorting for maximum, and the test protocol only requires the maximum,the maximum number may be the only data sent to the host.

All tests are defined by a protocol. To perform timed tests, such as afingering and handling test where pins are moved from one location toanother and touch pads are touched, the device reports every time thereis a sensed change in one of the sensors or touch pads. The activity ismonitored by the host and is timed. For static strength devices, a startcommand is sent to the device and the device sends a continuous streamof force data to the host. The host monitors the data stream as definedby the protocol and determines when the test is complete. The device isturned off at the end of a test as defined by the protocol. The hostlooks for signals from the device as an individual is moving, placing,turning, gripping, touching, pressing or lifting depending on the test.It also verifies that a force is maintained for a period of time or thata specific weight is being lifted if that is part of the protocol.

Necessary time intervals can be programmed in advance by the evaluator.At the end of a test, the host sends a command to stop sending data andthe device is turned off. Some test devices have the capability to powerdown on command, others automatically power off when data transmissionstops. After the test is complete, the host analyzes the data,calculates averages and performs statistical analyses including standarddeviations, coefficient of variation and other statistical analogies asdefined by the protocol. The data is then saved in a database and/orreport file and can be examined by the evaluator to develop a profile ofthe capacities of an individual. This can be used for example, todetermine where an individual needs therapy, when an individual can goback to work, or an individual meets specific work standards.

Because Applicants' test devices comprise virtual devices, Applicants'system can have multiple tests running at the same time with one host.The evaluator selects a test mode for multiple tests on the hostcomputer display panel and then selects the tests. Instructions to theindividuals are handled through the use of audio commands instead ofvisual commands. If visual commands are needed for a test, an additionalcomputer display panel is used. The interaction between the host andindividual being tested occurs in the same manner as described aboveexcept it is issuing commands to individuals in parallel.

Applicants' apparatus is also capable of running tests in succession.Using prior art methods, a single test is set up and an individual ismonitored to determine how well he or she performs the test. UsingApplicants' apparatus and method a series of tests can be set wherein anindividual moves from one test to other tests over a period of time. Theseries of tests can include a combination of any tests from intricatetests such as a finger dexterity test through a gross carrying andlifting test performed in succession.

Such a series of tests is valuable from a work hardening or conditioningstandpoint. The evaluator shows the individual the tests to be performedprior to the testing. Assuming the protocol for the individual testshave been defined, a second protocol sends audio and/or visualinstructions prompting the individual to move to the next test aftercompleting a test. The whole sequence of tests is monitored by the hostfor completeness, performance and speed, during the tests and betweentests.

Using Applicants' apparatus and method, multiple tests can be performedsimultaneously, and independently, using a multitasking operatingsystem. Applicants' method utilizes a multi-process threading model tokeep simultaneous tests from interfering with one another. Applicants'multi-tasking is also used when performing multiple tests remotelyacross the internet from a single host.

As those skilled in the art will appreciate, Applicants' system is notlimited to the test devices shown in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b. Additional testdevices can be added and any of the above devices can be removed fromthe system. In addition, Applicants' system also allows for intermixingof integrated test devices and non-integrated devices.

Non-integrated devices use interfaces such as a non-integrated load cellwired to a Data Acquisition Interface built-in or external to acomputer. For example, if a user wished to use the non-integratedstandard JAMAR type electronic grip device typically used in physicaland occupational therapy, he/she would add an electronic interfacecommonly available for such devices. The user would then add thecompatible electronic plug and program the calibration details of thedevice into the host for use. Once this is done, the device is used andrecognized whenever it is connected to the system.

Also, users can generate their own protocols using Applicants'apparatus, modify existing protocols, and/or add their own integratedtest devices and generate their own protocols. For example, if aintegrated device that measures dexterity operated by a “PIC” or othermicrocontroller were connected to the system, the features of the devicecould be programmed into the system once known. Then, each time thedevice is connected to the host, it would be recognized and controlled.These test devices, and how they function in a work capacities system,are well known in the industry today. Communication to mostnon-integrated devices is handled on a serial interface.

Another work capacity component available in the system is computerizedwork through a Hardening/Conditioning Protocol. Hardening/Conditioningis usually done to improve an individual's fitness in a specific area.Traditionally, isometric tests are used in an assessment protocol, butnever in work hardening because of the risk that the individual mayexceed safe physical limits; however, this system includes thiscapability. An isometric test is a non-motion test where the individualis pushing, pulling or lifting against a non-moving object that isattached to load cells or strain gages. The application hastraditionally been directed toward sports therapy where an individual istrying to build functional strength. Routinely, the individual lifts,pushes or pulls with half target strength and then lifts, pushes orpulls with at a higher or full target strength alternately multipletimes to build up muscle strength. This concept is programmed into acomputerized measurable protocol. Using the lift test as an example, theindividual sees a visual Symbol on the computer display at a baseposition. As he applies force, the Symbol moves toward a half liftTarget Symbol Line on the display proportionally to the change in force.When the half target lift is reached, the Symbol touches the line, thefirst portion of the test, the half test, is complete. More strength isneeded for the full lift so the Target Symbol Line moves farther fromthe base position. The greater the force the individual applies thefurther the Symbol moves. For the full target lift portion of the test,the Target Symbol Line is farther from the Symbol thereby symbolizingthe required higher force. The system has a safety mechanism built intothe software that notifies the individual if the individual applies aforce higher than a percentage of the programmed values for the half andfull test, and can shut down the system when necessary to reduce risk ofinjury of the individual. Variations on the test protocol includemaintaining a force for a certain amount of time before proceeding tothe next step in the test.

Applicants' apparatus and method also allows the evaluator to enter keyjob criteria and based upon these criteria, automatically generate atest protocol which is used to test the worker. For example, if it isknown that the job for which the individual is being tested requiresgrip strength, lift strength, carrying, and forward work posture atspecific quantifiers and/or work frequency levels, these criteria can belisted on the host program for automatic test protocol generation. TABLE1 correlates Job Physical Demands with, inter alia, a Test Activity, aProtocol Routine, and a Performance Target.

TABLE 1 Job Standard Automatic Test Protocol Job Quantifier Perform-Physical and/or Test Protocol ance Demand Frequency Activity RoutineTarget Grip-Right 110 lbs/ Grip-Right 4 Repetitions 110 lb Avg. HandOccasional Hand Grip-Left 110 lbs/ Grip-Left 4 Repetitions 110 lb Avg.Hand Occasional Hand Lift-Bench  80 lbs/ Static Lift 4 Repetitions  80lb Avg. Height Occasional Dynamic Lift 4 Repetitions  80 lb Avg.Carrying  80 lbs/ Carrying 40 Foot Carry 80% MTM Occasional 80 lbs Avg.Reach- Frequent Touch Panel- 400 Touch 80% MTM Forward Forward CyclesAvg.

In certain embodiments of Applicants' method, the host computer usessuch lookup tables to generate a test protocol for a job function forwhich the individual is being tested. Once the test protocol is created,the host loads the routines into the individual's file to initiate thecorresponding test routines. The evaluator always has the ability toedit the automatic test routines for issues related to safety, customerstandards or other custom requirements.

Applicants' system 100 can be packaged in several standard shippingsized containers. Commonly used test hardware is packaged together withthe host computer. This minimizes the number of containers to betransported when tests are needed at off site locations. The packagingis designed to allow transport of any combination of test devicesrequired by the user.

Prior art systems utilize one or more solid posts or panels which exceeddimensional and weight limits for standard ground shipment or airshipment. In contrast, Applicants' apparatus includes a central post ormonopole that can be disassembled into portable components. In theapplicants system, the monopole can be used to mount test devices suchas the Dynamic Strength Lift and Carrying Device, the Strength Push Pulland Lift Device and the Whole Body Coordination Device, and otherhardware such as the controlling computer. This central post includes aT-Slot track, and allows other devices to be attached to it. Thiscentral post includes a shuttle which moves up or down thus allowingtests to be given at different positions.

Applicants' system also comprises a compact and light-weight mechanicalstructure which allows the system to be hung on a door, thereby furtherenhancing the portability of Applicants' apparatus and method.Applicants' Work Capacities Testing System 700 is a portable assessmenttool that is transportable and easily assembled using simple hand tools.This feature allows it to be used in any room having a door. As shown inFIG. 7, system 700 can be attached to a door using the top door hook710, bottom door hook 720, and door frame rail 730.

Hanging the top and bottom door hooks to the door begins the assembly ofthe frame. Next, the door frame rail 730 is releaseably attached to topdoor hook 710 and bottom door hook 720 by inserting the end fastenersonto threaded studs and affixing those using thumbnuts 740. Next, thedoor frame rail is drawn tight to provide a rigid platform to attach themonopole.

A rope 750 having a ratchet tension connected to points 765 and 755 andover pivot point 760 is then used to draw the top and bottom parts ofthe door frame rail tight. When the desired tension is acquired, theframe adjustment bolts 770 are tightened to hold the door frame rail inplace on the door. Door frame spacers 780 and 790 are attached at thetop and bottom of the door frame rail using attachment bolts 795, aspart of the door frame rail.

The door hanger hardware is now in place, and ready to have the monopoleattached. As shown in FIG. 8, the monopole 810 and shuttle 820 areplaced vertically and matched to the assembled door hanger hardware. Onthe back of the monopole are two attachment hangers 830 and 840 that areadjustable vertically to fit onto the two door frame spacers usingattachment bolts 850. The attachment hangers are connected to the doorframe spacers using a ball release pins 890 and 895. Finally, anoptional floor 860 can be slid in place to connect at the bottom of thepole into the pivot hinge 870 and is attached using a ball release pin880.

In other embodiments, Applicants' monopole system can be wall mountedusing two or more fasteners. Referring now to FIGS. 21 and 22, each wallfastener comprises a pair of 90 degree angle assemblies 2210 and 2215.Portion 2230 of assembly 2210 is attached to portion 2260 of assembly2215. Portion 2240 is attached to the wall and portion 2270 is attachedto monopole 2130. Floor platform 2160 comprises two brackets 2150.Monopole 2130 is formed to include an aperture in the lower end.Crossbolt 2140 is disposed through a first bracket 2150, through theaperture in monopole 2130, and through the second bracket 2150, therebyreleaseably fixturing floor platform 2160 to monopole 2130.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated in detail, it should be apparent that modifications andadaptations to those embodiments may occur to one skilled in the artwithout departing from the scope of the present invention as set forthin the following claims.

1. A portable work capacities testing apparatus, comprising: a portablecomputer; a portable dynamic strength and lifting device releaseablyinterconnected with said portable computer; a portable hand gripstrength device releaseably interconnected with said portable computer;a portable finger pinch strength device releaseably interconnected withsaid portable computer; a portable forearm/wrist strength devicereleaseably interconnected with said portable computer; a portablehandling/proprioception device releaseably interconnected with saidportable computer; a portable finger flexion device releaseablyinterconnected with said portable computer; a portable whole bodycoordination device releaseably interconnected with said portablecomputer; a portable strength push/pull/lift device releaseablyinterconnected with said portable computer.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1,further comprising a hub releaseably interconnected with said portablecomputer, wherein said dynamic strength and lifting device, said handgrip strength device, said finger pinch strength device, saidforearm/wrist strength device, said handling/proprioception device, saidfinger flexion device, said whole body coordination device, and saidstrength push/pull/lift device, are individually releaseablyinterconnected with said hub.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein oneor more of said releaseably interconnected devices comprise anintegrated device, and wherein one or more of said releaseablyinterconnected devices comprise a non-integrated device wherein one ormore of said one or more non-integrated devices comprise a dataacquisition system and a USB interface.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein one or more of said releaseably interconnected devices comprisea static strength device, and wherein one or more of said releaseablyinterconnected devices comprise a dynamic strength device, and whereinone or more of said releaseably interconnected devices comprise a workperformance device.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: amonopole; a shuttle movably disposed on said monopole, wherein saidwhole body coordination device, said push/pull/lift device, or saiddynamic strength and lifting device, can be releaseably mounted on saidmonopole.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said monopole is formedto include an aperture extending through a first end, furthercomprising: a floor platform; a first bracket attached to a first end ofsaid floor platform; a second bracket attached to said first end of saidfloor platform; a crossbolt which can be disposed through said firstbracket, through said aperture in said monopole, and through said secondbracket, thereby releaseably fixturing said floor platform to monopole.7. The device of claim 6, further comprising one or more fastenerscapable of permanently affixing said monopole to a vertical surface. 8.The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising: a top door hook capable ofbeing removeably attached to the top portion of a door; a bottom doorhook capable of being removeably attached to the bottom portion of adoor; a door frame rail disposed between and releaseably attached tosaid top door hook and to said bottom door hook; wherein said monopolecan be releaseably attached to said door frame rail.
 9. The apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein said door frame rail comprising a top end and a bottomend, further comprising a floor platform comprising a non-slip surface,wherein said floor assembly can be releaseably attached to said bottomend of said door frame rail.